In the railway system, "ballast stone" refers to the crushed stone used to support track sleepers and is an early and common track bed structure. Before laying the tracks, the project will first lay a layer of crushed stone on the roadbed, compact it, and then lay the sleepers and tracks. The benefits of using ballast stones are that they are easy to drain and adjust the position of the tracks. At the same time, ballast stones disperse the weight of trains and tracks on the roadbed, reducing train vibration and noise, and increasing passenger comfort. Ballast stone tracks are often used in open-air sections. Due to limited space in tunnel and bridge sections, it is more difficult to lay ballast stone in these areas, and maintenance costs are also higher. Therefore, ballastless tracks are used in these sections.